<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<QEDEQ
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://www.qedeq.org/0_04_07/xml/qedeq.xsd">
  <HEADER email="mime@qedeq.org">
    <SPECIFICATION name="proof_001" ruleVersion="0.01.00">
      <LOCATIONS>
        <LOCATION value="http://www.qedeq.org/0_04_07/sample" />
      </LOCATIONS>
    </SPECIFICATION>
    <TITLE>
      <LATEX language="en">
        <![CDATA[
          First formal proofs.
        ]]>
      </LATEX>
    </TITLE>
    <ABSTRACT>
      <LATEX language="en">
        <![CDATA[
          Here are the first proofs assembled. This module should be formally correct. Its main purpose is the presentation of all proof methods.
        ]]>
      </LATEX>
    </ABSTRACT>
    <AUTHORS>
      <AUTHOR email="michael@meyling.com">
        <NAME>
          <LATEX language="en">
            <![CDATA[
              Michael Meyling
            ]]>
          </LATEX>
        </NAME>
      </AUTHOR>
    </AUTHORS>
  </HEADER>
  <CHAPTER>
    <TITLE>
      <LATEX language="en">
        <![CDATA[
          First
        ]]>
      </LATEX>
    </TITLE>
    <INTRODUCTION>
      <LATEX language="en">
        <![CDATA[
          After presenting some axioms we show some formal proofs.
        ]]>
      </LATEX>
    </INTRODUCTION>
    <SECTION>
      <TITLE>
        <LATEX language="en">
          <![CDATA[
            Axioms
          ]]>
        </LATEX>
      </TITLE>
      <INTRODUCTION>
        <LATEX language="en">
          <![CDATA[
            Here we state our axioms.
          ]]>
        </LATEX>
      </INTRODUCTION>
      <SUBSECTIONS>
        <NODE id="axiom:disjunction_idempotence">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                axiom of disjunction idempotence
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Disjunction Idempotence
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <AXIOM>
            <FORMULA>
              <IMPL>
                <OR>
                  <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                  <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                </OR>
                <PREDVAR id="A"/>
              </IMPL>
            </FORMULA>
          </AXIOM>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="axiom:disjunction_weakening">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                axiom of weakening
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Axiom of Weakening
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <AXIOM>
            <FORMULA>
              <IMPL>
                <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                <OR>
                  <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                  <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                </OR>
              </IMPL>
            </FORMULA>
          </AXIOM>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="axiom:disjunction_commutative">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                commutativity of the disjunction
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Commutativity of the Disjunction
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <AXIOM>
            <FORMULA>
              <IMPL>
                <OR>
                  <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                  <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                </OR>
                <OR>
                  <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                  <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                </OR>
              </IMPL>
            </FORMULA>
          </AXIOM>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="axiom:disjunction_addition">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                axiom of disjunctive addition
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Disjunctive Addition
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <AXIOM>
            <FORMULA>
              <IMPL>
                <IMPL>
                  <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                  <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                </IMPL>
                <IMPL>
                  <IMPL>
                    <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                    <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                  </IMPL>
                  <IMPL>
                    <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                    <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                  </IMPL>
                </IMPL>
              </IMPL>
            </FORMULA>
          </AXIOM>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="axiom:universalInstantiation">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                axiom of universal instantiation
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Universal Instantiation
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <AXIOM>
            <FORMULA>
              <IMPL>
                <FORALL>
                  <VAR id="x"/>
                  <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                    <VAR id="x"/>
                  </PREDVAR>
                </FORALL>
                <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                  <VAR id="y"/>
                </PREDVAR>
              </IMPL>
            </FORMULA>
          </AXIOM>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="axiom:existencialGeneralization">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                axiom of existential generalization
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Existential Generalization
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <AXIOM>
            <FORMULA>
              <IMPL>
                <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                  <VAR id="y" />
                </PREDVAR>
                <EXISTS>
                  <VAR id="x" />
                  <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                    <VAR id="x" />
                  </PREDVAR>
                </EXISTS>
              </IMPL>
            </FORMULA>
          </AXIOM>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="rule:addProvenFormula">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                add true formula
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Add true formula
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <RULE name="Add" version="0.01.00">
            <DESCRIPTION>
              <LATEX language="en">
                <![CDATA[
                  Addition of an axiom, definition or already proven formula. We have to reference to the location of a true formula.
                ]]>
              </LATEX>
            </DESCRIPTION>
          </RULE>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="rule:modusPonens">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                modus ponens
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Modus Ponens\index{Modus Ponens}
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <RULE name="MP" version="0.01.00">
            <DESCRIPTION>
              <LATEX language="en">
                <![CDATA[
                  If both formulas $\alpha$ and $\alpha \rightarrow \beta$ are true, then we can conclude that $\beta$ is true as well.
                ]]>
              </LATEX>
            </DESCRIPTION>
          </RULE>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="rule:replaceFree">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                replace free subject variable
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Replace Free Subject Variable
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <RULE name="SubstFree" version="0.01.00">
            <DESCRIPTION>
              <LATEX language="en">
                <![CDATA[
                  We start with a true formula.
                  A free subject variable may be replaced by an arbitrary term, provided that the substituted term contains no subject variable that have a bound occurrence in the original formula. All occurrences of the free variable must be simultaneously replaced.
                ]]>
              </LATEX>
            </DESCRIPTION>
          </RULE>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="rule:renameBound">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                rename bound subject variable
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Rename Bound Subject Variable
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <RULE name="Rename" version="0.01.00">
            <DESCRIPTION>
              <LATEX language="en">
                <![CDATA[
                  We may replace a bound subject variable occurring in a formula by any other subject variable, provided that the new variable occurs not free in the original formula. If the variable to be replaced occurs in more than one scope, then the replacement needs to be made in one scope only.
                ]]>
              </LATEX>
            </DESCRIPTION>
          </RULE>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="rule:replacePred">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                replace predicate variable
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Replace Predicate Variable
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <RULE name="SubstPred" version="0.01.00">
            <DESCRIPTION>
              <LATEX language="en">
                <![CDATA[
                  Let $\alpha$ be a true formula that contains a predicate variable $p$ of arity $n$, let $x_1$, \ldots, $x_n$ be pairwise different subject variables and let $\beta(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ be a formula where $x_1$, \ldots, $x_n$ are not bound. The formula $\beta(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ must not contain all $x_1$, \ldots, $x_n$ as free subject variables. Furthermore it can also have other subject variables either free or bound.
                  
                  If the following conditions are fulfilled, then a replacement of all occurrences of $p(t_1, \ldots, t_n)$ each with appropriate terms $t_1$, \ldots, $t_n$ in $\alpha$ by $\beta(t_1, \ldots, t_n)$ results in another true formula.

                  \begin{itemize}

                  \item
                  the free variables of $\beta(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ without $x_1$, \ldots, $x_n$ do not occur as bound variables in $\alpha$ 
                  
                  \item 
                  each occurrence of $p(t_1, \ldots, t_n)$ in $\alpha$ contains no bound variable of $\beta(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ 

                  \item
                  the result of the substitution is a well-formed formula

                  \end{itemize}
                ]]>
              </LATEX>
            </DESCRIPTION>
          </RULE>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="rule:replaceFunct">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                replace function variable
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Replace Function Variable
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <RULE name="SubstFun" version="0.01.00">
            <DESCRIPTION>
              <LATEX language="en">
                <![CDATA[
                  Let $\alpha$ be an already proved formula that contains a function variable $\sigma$ of arity $n$, let $x_1$, \ldots, $x_n$ be pairwise different subject variables and let $\tau(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ be an arbitrary term where $x_1$, \ldots, $x_n$ are not bound. 
                  The term $\tau(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ must not contain all $x_1$, \ldots, $x_n$ as free subject variables. Furthermore it can also have other subject variables either free or bound. 
                  
                  If the following conditions are fulfilled we can obtain a new true formula by replacing each occurrence of $\sigma(t_1, \ldots, t_n)$ with appropriate terms $t_1$, \ldots, $t_n$ in $\alpha$ by $\tau(t_1, \ldots, t_n)$.
                  
                  \begin{itemize}
                  
                  \item 
                  the free variables of $\tau(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ without $x_1$, \ldots, $x_n$ do not occur as bound variables in $\alpha$
                  
                  \item
                  each occurrence of $\sigma(t_1, \ldots, t_n)$ in $\alpha$ contains no bound variable of $\tau(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$
                  
                  \item
                  the result of the substitution is a well-formed formula
                                    
                  \end{itemize}
                ]]>
              </LATEX>
            </DESCRIPTION>
          </RULE>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="rule:universalGeneralization">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                universal generalization
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Universal Generalization
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <RULE name="Universal" version="0.01.00">
            <DESCRIPTION>
              <LATEX language="en">
                <![CDATA[
                  If $\alpha \rightarrow \beta(x_1)$ is a true formula and $\alpha$ does not contain the subject variable $x_1$, then $\alpha \rightarrow (\forall x_1~(\beta(x_1)))$ is a true 
                  formula too.
                ]]>
              </LATEX>
            </DESCRIPTION>
          </RULE>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="rule:existentialGeneralization">
          <NAME>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                existential generalization
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </NAME>
          <TITLE>
            <LATEX language="en">
              <![CDATA[
                Existential Generalization
              ]]>
            </LATEX>
          </TITLE>
          <RULE name="Existential" version="0.01.00">
            <DESCRIPTION>
              <LATEX language="en">
                <![CDATA[
                  If $\alpha(x_1) \rightarrow \beta$ is already proved to be true and $\beta$ does not contain the subject variable $x_1$, then $(\exists x_1~\alpha(x_1)) \rightarrow \beta$ is also a true formula.
                ]]>
              </LATEX>
            </DESCRIPTION>
          </RULE>
        </NODE>
      </SUBSECTIONS>
    </SECTION>
    <SECTION>
      <TITLE>
        <LATEX language="en">
          <![CDATA[
            One
          ]]>
        </LATEX>
      </TITLE>
      <INTRODUCTION>
        <LATEX language="en">
          <![CDATA[
            Here we start.
          ]]>
        </LATEX>
      </INTRODUCTION>
      <SUBSECTIONS>
        <NODE id="proposition:one" level="formal">
          <THEOREM>
            <FORMULA>
              <IMPL>
                <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                <PREDVAR id="A"/>
              </IMPL>
            </FORMULA>
            <FORMAL_PROOF>
              <LINES>
                <L label="1">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                      <OR>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                      </OR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="axiom:disjunction_weakening"/>
                </L>
                <L label="2">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                      <OR>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                      </OR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="1">
                    <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="3">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <OR>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                      </OR>
                      <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="axiom:disjunction_idempotence"/>
                </L>
                <L label="4">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="axiom:disjunction_addition"/>
                </L>
                <L label="5">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="D"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="D"/>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="4">
                    <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <PREDVAR id="D"/>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="6">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="D"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="D"/>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="5">
                    <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="7">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="D"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="D"/>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="6">
                    <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="8">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <OR>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        </OR>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                          <OR>
                            <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                            <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                          </OR>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="7">
                    <PREDVAR id="D"/>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <OR>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                      </OR>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="9">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        <OR>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        </OR>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <MP ref1="8" ref2="3"/>
                </L>
                <L label="10">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                      <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <MP ref1="9" ref2="2"/>
                </L>
              </LINES>
            </FORMAL_PROOF>
          </THEOREM>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="proposition:two" level="formal">
          <THEOREM>
            <FORMULA>
              <IMPL>
                <FORALL>
                  <VAR id="x"/>
                  <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                    <VAR id="x" />
                  </PREDVAR>
                </FORALL>
                <EXISTS>
                  <VAR id="x" />
                  <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                    <VAR id="x" />
                  </PREDVAR>
                </EXISTS>
              </IMPL>
            </FORMULA>
            <FORMAL_PROOF>
              <LINES>
                <L label="1">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="y" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="axiom:universalInstantiation"/>
                </L>
                <L label="2">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="y" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </IMPL>
                    </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="axiom:existencialGeneralization"/>
                </L>
                <L label="3">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="axiom:disjunction_addition"/>
                </L>
                <L label="4">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                        <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="3">
                    <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="y" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="5">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                        <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="x" />
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </FORALL>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="x" />
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </FORALL>
                          <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="4">
                    <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="6">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                        <EXISTS>
                          <VAR id="x" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </EXISTS>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="x" />
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </FORALL>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="x" />
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </FORALL>
                          <EXISTS>
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="x" />
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </EXISTS>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="5">
                    <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="7">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="x" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="x" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                        <EXISTS>
                          <VAR id="x" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </EXISTS>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <MP ref1="6" ref2="2" />
                </L>
                <L label="8">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <MP ref1="7" ref2="1" />
                </L>
              </LINES>
            </FORMAL_PROOF>
          </THEOREM>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="proposition:three" level="formal">
          <THEOREM>
            <FORMULA>
              <IMPL>
                <EXISTS>
                  <VAR id="x" />
                  <FORALL>
                    <VAR id="y"/>
                    <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                      <VAR id="x" />
                      <VAR id="y" />
                    </PREDVAR>
                  </FORALL>
                </EXISTS>
                <FORALL>
                  <VAR id="y"/>
                  <EXISTS>
                    <VAR id="x" />
                    <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                      <VAR id="x" />
                      <VAR id="y" />
                    </PREDVAR>
                  </EXISTS>
                </FORALL>
              </IMPL>
            </FORMULA>
            <FORMAL_PROOF>
              <LINES>
                <L label="1">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="y" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="axiom:universalInstantiation" />
                </L>
                <L label="2">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="u" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_FREE ref="1">
                    <VAR id="y" />
                    <TERM>
                      <VAR id="u" />
                    </TERM>
                  </SUBST_FREE>
                </L>
                <L label="3">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="u" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <RENAME ref="2" occurrence="1">
                    <VAR id="x" />
                    <VAR id="y" />
                  </RENAME>
                </L>
                <L label="4">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <VAR id="u" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="3">
                    <PREDVAR id="\phi" >
                      <VAR id="x" />
                    </PREDVAR>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi" >
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <VAR id="y" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="5">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="y" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="axiom:existencialGeneralization" />
                </L>
                <L label="6">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="y" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="z" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <RENAME ref="5" occurrence="1">
                    <VAR id="x" />
                    <VAR id="z" />
                  </RENAME>
                </L>
                <L label="7">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <VAR id="u" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="z" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="6">
                    <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                      <VAR id="y" />
                    </PREDVAR>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <VAR id="u" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="8">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="axiom:disjunction_addition" />
                </L>
                <L label="9">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x"/>
                          <VAR id="u"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                        <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x"/>
                            <VAR id="u"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="8">
                    <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <VAR id="u"/>
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="10">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x"/>
                          <VAR id="u"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                        <EXISTS>
                          <VAR id="z"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z"/>
                            <VAR id="u"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </EXISTS>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x"/>
                            <VAR id="u"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <EXISTS>
                            <VAR id="z"/>
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="z"/>
                              <VAR id="u"/>
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </EXISTS>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="9">
                    <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="z"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z"/>
                          <VAR id="u"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="11">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x"/>
                          <VAR id="u"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                        <EXISTS>
                          <VAR id="z"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z"/>
                            <VAR id="u"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </EXISTS>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="y"/>
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="x"/>
                              <VAR id="y"/>
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </FORALL>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x"/>
                            <VAR id="u"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="y"/>
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="x"/>
                              <VAR id="y"/>
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </FORALL>
                          <EXISTS>
                            <VAR id="z"/>
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="z"/>
                              <VAR id="u"/>
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </EXISTS>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="10">
                    <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x"/>
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="12">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x"/>
                            <VAR id="y"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x"/>
                          <VAR id="u"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x"/>
                            <VAR id="y"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                        <EXISTS>
                          <VAR id="z"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z"/>
                            <VAR id="u"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </EXISTS>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <MP ref1="11" ref2="7" />
                </L>
                <L label="13">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x"/>
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="z"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z"/>
                          <VAR id="u"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <MP ref1="12" ref2="4" />
                </L>
                <L label="14">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x"/>
                            <VAR id="y"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </EXISTS>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="z"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z"/>
                          <VAR id="u"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <EXISTENTIAL ref="13">
                    <VAR id="x"/>
                  </EXISTENTIAL>
                </L>
                <L label="15">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x"/>
                            <VAR id="y"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </EXISTS>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="u"/>
                        <EXISTS>
                          <VAR id="z"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z"/>
                            <VAR id="u"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </EXISTS>
                      </FORALL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <UNIVERSAL ref="14">
                    <VAR id="u"/>
                  </UNIVERSAL>
                </L>
                <L label="16">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x"/>
                            <VAR id="y"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </EXISTS>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y"/>
                        <EXISTS>
                          <VAR id="z"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z"/>
                            <VAR id="y"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </EXISTS>
                      </FORALL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <RENAME ref="15" occurrence="1">
                    <VAR id="u"/>
                    <VAR id="y"/>
                  </RENAME>
                </L>
                <L label="16">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x"/>
                            <VAR id="y"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </EXISTS>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y"/>
                        <EXISTS>
                          <VAR id="x"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x"/>
                            <VAR id="y"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </EXISTS>
                      </FORALL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <RENAME ref="16" occurrence="1">
                    <VAR id="z"/>
                    <VAR id="x"/>
                  </RENAME>
                </L>
              </LINES>
            </FORMAL_PROOF>
         </THEOREM>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="proposition:four" level="formal">
          <THEOREM>
            <FORMULA>
              <IMPL>
                <FORALL>
                  <VAR id="x" />
                  <FORALL>
                    <VAR id="y"/>
                    <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                      <VAR id="x" />
                      <VAR id="y" />
                    </PREDVAR>
                  </FORALL>
                </FORALL>
                <FORALL>
                  <VAR id="y"/>
                  <FORALL>
                    <VAR id="x" />
                    <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                      <VAR id="x" />
                      <VAR id="y" />
                    </PREDVAR>
                  </FORALL>
                </FORALL>
              </IMPL>
            </FORMULA>
            <FORMAL_PROOF>
              <LINES>
                <L label="1">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="y"/>
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="axiom:universalInstantiation" />
                </L>
                <L label="2">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="u"/>
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_FREE ref="1">
                    <VAR id="y" />
                    <TERM>
                      <VAR id="u" />
                    </TERM>
                  </SUBST_FREE>
                </L>
                <L label="3">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="u"/>
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <RENAME ref="2" occurrence="1">
                    <VAR id="x" />
                    <VAR id="y" />
                  </RENAME>
                </L>
                <L label="4">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z"/>
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="z"/>
                        <VAR id="u"/>
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="3">
                    <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                      <VAR id="x" />
                    </PREDVAR>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="z" />
                        <VAR id="x" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="5">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x"/>
                            <VAR id="y"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </FORALL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="u"/>
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="2">
                    <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                      <VAR id="x" />
                    </PREDVAR>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="6">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x"/>
                            <VAR id="y"/>
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </FORALL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z"/>
                          <VAR id="y"/>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_FREE ref="5">
                    <VAR id="u" />
                    <TERM>
                      <VAR id="z" />
                    </TERM>
                  </SUBST_FREE>
                </L>
                <L label="7">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="A"/>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="axiom:disjunction_addition"/>
                </L>
                <L label="8">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z" />
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                        <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="y" />
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="z" />
                              <VAR id="y" />
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </FORALL>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="B"/>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="7">
                    <PREDVAR id="A" />
                    <FORMULA>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z" />
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="9">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z" />
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z" />
                          <VAR id="u" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="y" />
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="z" />
                              <VAR id="y" />
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </FORALL>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <PREDVAR id="C"/>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z" />
                            <VAR id="u" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="8">
                    <PREDVAR id="B" />
                    <FORMULA>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="z" />
                        <VAR id="u" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="10">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z" />
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z" />
                          <VAR id="u" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <FORALL>
                              <VAR id="y" />
                              <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                                <VAR id="x" />
                                <VAR id="y" />
                              </PREDVAR>
                            </FORALL>
                          </FORALL>
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="y" />
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="z" />
                              <VAR id="y" />
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </FORALL>
                        </IMPL>
                        <IMPL>
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <FORALL>
                              <VAR id="y" />
                              <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                                <VAR id="x" />
                                <VAR id="y" />
                              </PREDVAR>
                            </FORALL>
                          </FORALL>
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z" />
                            <VAR id="u" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </IMPL>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="9">
                    <PREDVAR id="C" />
                    <FORMULA>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </FORALL>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="11">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="x" />
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="y" />
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="x" />
                              <VAR id="y" />
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </FORALL>
                        </FORALL>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z" />
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </IMPL>
                      <IMPL>
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="x" />
                          <FORALL>
                            <VAR id="y" />
                            <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                              <VAR id="x" />
                              <VAR id="y" />
                            </PREDVAR>
                          </FORALL>
                        </FORALL>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z" />
                          <VAR id="u" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </IMPL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <MP ref1="10" ref2="4" />
                </L>
                <L label="12">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="z" />
                        <VAR id="u" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <MP ref1="11" ref2="6" />
                </L>
                <L label="13">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </FORALL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="z" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z" />
                          <VAR id="u" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <UNIVERSAL ref="12">
                    <VAR id="z" />
                  </UNIVERSAL>
                </L>
                <L label="13">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </FORALL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="u" />
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="z" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z" />
                            <VAR id="u" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </FORALL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <UNIVERSAL ref="12">
                    <VAR id="u" />
                  </UNIVERSAL>
                </L>
                <L label="13">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </FORALL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y" />
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="z" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="z" />
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </FORALL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <RENAME ref="12" occurrence="1">
                    <VAR id="u" />
                    <VAR id="y" />
                  </RENAME>
                </L>
                <L label="14">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="y" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </FORALL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y" />
                        <FORALL>
                          <VAR id="x" />
                          <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                            <VAR id="x" />
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </PREDVAR>
                        </FORALL>
                      </FORALL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <RENAME ref="13" occurrence="1">
                    <VAR id="z" />
                    <VAR id="x" />
                  </RENAME>
                </L>
              </LINES>
            </FORMAL_PROOF>
          </THEOREM>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="proposition:five" level="formal">
          <THEOREM>
            <FORMULA>
              <IMPL>
                <FORALL>
                  <VAR id="x"/>
                  <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                    <VAR id="x" />
                  </PREDVAR>
                </FORALL>
                <FORALL>
                  <VAR id="x" />
                  <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                    <FUNVAR id="f">
                      <VAR id="x" />
                    </FUNVAR>
                  </PREDVAR>
                </FORALL>
              </IMPL>
            </FORMULA>
            <FORMAL_PROOF>
              <LINES>
                <L label="1">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="y" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="axiom:universalInstantiation"/>
                </L>
                <L label="2">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <FUNVAR id="g">
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </FUNVAR>
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_FREE ref="1">
                     <VAR id="y" />
                     <TERM>
                       <FUNVAR id="g">
                         <VAR id="y" />
                       </FUNVAR>
                     </TERM>
                  </SUBST_FREE>
                </L>
                <L label="3">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <FUNVAR id="f">
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </FUNVAR>
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_FUNVAR ref="2">
                     <FUNVAR id="g">
                       <VAR id="y" />
                     </FUNVAR>
                     <TERM>
                       <FUNVAR id="f">
                         <VAR id="y" />
                       </FUNVAR>
                     </TERM>
                  </SUBST_FUNVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="4">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="y" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <FUNVAR id="f">
                            <VAR id="y" />
                          </FUNVAR>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <UNIVERSAL ref="3">
                    <VAR id="y" />
                  </UNIVERSAL>
                </L>
                <L label="4">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x"/>
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <FUNVAR id="f">
                            <VAR id="x" />
                          </FUNVAR>
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <RENAME ref="4">
                    <VAR id="y" />
                    <VAR id="x" />
                  </RENAME>
                </L>
              </LINES>
            </FORMAL_PROOF>
          </THEOREM>
        </NODE>
        <NODE id="proposition:six" level="formal">
          <PRECEDING>
            <LATEX language="en">
              No useful proof, but uses missing rules.
            </LATEX>
          </PRECEDING>
          <THEOREM>
            <FORMULA>
              <IMPL>
                <FORALL>
                  <VAR id="x"/>
                  <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                    <VAR id="x" />
                  </PREDVAR>
                </FORALL>
                <EXISTS>
                  <VAR id="x" />
                  <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                    <VAR id="x" />
                  </PREDVAR>
                </EXISTS>
              </IMPL>
            </FORMULA>
            <FORMAL_PROOF>
              <LINES>
                <L label="1">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <ADD ref="proposition:two" />
                </L>
                <L label="2">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="y" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <RENAME ref="1">
                    <VAR id="x" />
                    <VAR id="y" />
                  </RENAME>
                </L>
                <L label="3">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z" />
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="y" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <VAR id="z" />
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_PREDVAR ref="2">
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="u" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    <FORMULA>
                      <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                        <VAR id="z" />
                        <VAR id="u" />
                      </PREDVAR>
                    </FORMULA>
                  </SUBST_PREDVAR>
                </L>
                <L label="4">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <FUNVAR id="f">
                            <VAR id="z" />
                          </FUNVAR>
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="y" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <FUNVAR id="f">
                            <VAR id="z" />
                          </FUNVAR>
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_FREE ref="3">
                    <VAR id="u" />
                    <TERM>
                      <FUNVAR id="f">
                        <VAR id="u" />
                      </FUNVAR>
                    </TERM>
                  </SUBST_FREE>
                </L>
                <L label="5">
                  <FORMULA>
                    <IMPL>
                      <FORALL>
                        <VAR id="x" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <FUNVAR id="g">
                            <VAR id="z" />
                          </FUNVAR>
                          <VAR id="x" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </FORALL>
                      <EXISTS>
                        <VAR id="y" />
                        <PREDVAR id="\phi">
                          <FUNVAR id="g">
                            <VAR id="z" />
                          </FUNVAR>
                          <VAR id="y" />
                        </PREDVAR>
                      </EXISTS>
                    </IMPL>
                  </FORMULA>
                  <SUBST_FUNVAR ref="4">
                    <FUNVAR id="f">
                      <VAR id="u" />
                    </FUNVAR>
                    <TERM>
                      <FUNVAR id="g">
                        <VAR id="u" />
                      </FUNVAR>
                    </TERM>
                  </SUBST_FUNVAR>
                </L>
              </LINES>
            </FORMAL_PROOF>
          </THEOREM>
        </NODE>
      </SUBSECTIONS>
    </SECTION>
  </CHAPTER>
</QEDEQ>
